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-   -   Hammering with "soft" dies (https://allmetalshaping.com/showthread.php?t=16811)

crystallographic 06-10-2017 03:51 PM

Hammering with "soft" dies
 
8 Attachment(s)
Conventional hand hammers have had the striking heads made from a variety of materials for many long decades:
Hardened steel
Soft steel
Malleable iron
Tin
Brass
Lead
Copper
Aluminum
Bronze
Leather
Rubber
Plastic
Nylon
Urethane
Fiber
Wood
and other materials ...
Some of these hammer materials are used for "non-marking" and others are used for "non-sparking."

For metal shaping/planishing purposes, steel, rubber, leather, and various urethanes and polymers can find good application. Steel is the most common die material for hammering metal.
Vulcanized rubber and leather have been good elastic "soft" materials for hammering steel and aluminum sheet. Rubber compounds vary, as we see in the tire industry.
When I started vulcanizing rubber hammer heads for my Air Hammer in 1994 they worked pretty well, though I soon learned that urethanes could also be molded to these shapes and they could also be selected from a range of durometers/hardnesses.
From that point on I found that urethanes could also be compounded for a variety of applications - like suspension bushings in NASCAR chassis, for instance. So getting the durometer right is a good basic starting point.

For my own "velocity/impact" shrinking method that I developed specific dies for in my Air Hammer in 1994, I chose a hard polymer that is softer than hard steel, but holds up well when shrinking soft metals like some aluminum alloys, copper, and soft brass. This black polymer has worked well enough for us that it has seen no changes since 1994. We even used it in our Pullmax thumbnail dies, starting in 1995, using them also to shrink 20ga mild steel.

Since that early start I have experimented with a variety of urethane compounds from a variety of companies that have patents on their urethanes.

One that we offer for stretching aluminum does rapid reverse shaping on .040 3003 half hard, and sometimes with zero annealing.
Attachment 42115
Waco gear leg fairings. Front pair have been shaped and then planished with our hard polymer non-rotating reverse dies.... below. Rear fairing is only roughed with the "Expansive" urethane hammer.
Attachment 42122

This heat shied/air deflector was stretched using our urethane "Expansive" upper hammer over a shaped steel die.
Attachment 42116
.063 3003 half hard, perforated aluminum

Attachment 42117
Same part being reversed with the Expansive urethane hammer over a shaped steel die.

Attachment 42118
Same part being shrunk with our Shrinking Set for Soft Metals - black hard polymer (softer than steel)

Attachment 42119
.040 perf. aluminum, 3003 half hard, being stretched with the Oversized Roughing Head (3" dia. leather hammer) over a domed steel die.

Attachment 42120
Showing finished/untrimmed anodized costume visors with unfinished bare visor. These parts' edges also shrunk with the Soft Metal Shrinking set.

Attachment 42121
Art lamp part, .080 6061 "0" temper, with part annealed only after first round of heavy stretching with leather Oversized Roughing Head w/ domed steel lower die. Shrinking on edges done with the Shrinking Set for Soft Metals. After continued working, the metal develops a lot of stress, so the choice is to either anneal and then continue, or continue and then weld. :rolleyes:

In summation, many of us prefer soft dies for stretching and shrinking because of the minimal surface marking and because of the smooth contours left for subsequent planishing operations. In some cases, an aggressive soft die can stretch very rapidly - without damaging the material, like the Waco fairings were done. I developed this method back when I was doing the Hughes H1 (replica) wing root fairings, in 2001-2002.

For info on these dies see the TM Tech website, http://www.tinmantech.com/products/f...-hammers/dies/
-- hopefully they are up now. :rolleyes::p If not, then we have to wait a bit ...:o:p

Dave K. 06-10-2017 05:42 PM

Kent, I have watched your videos on this process and always amazed at the products. That lamp is cool!

Gojeep 06-11-2017 05:23 AM

Great information yet again. :)

RockHillWill 06-12-2017 06:13 PM

Very creative and ingenious items. I am especially fond of the texturing dies. Do these items fit only your power hammers? We were using it this week on the steel inner fender wells for Jim's Bugatti project. I will look at his die selection the next time I visit and see what he has or needs.

How would these items be for 'finishing' the .060" #3003 aluminum panels?

I also added my name to the 'technical' report list found on your website.

Thanks for sharing.

crystallographic 06-13-2017 12:00 PM

Thank you, Dave, Marcus, and Will.

Will, I do not know what other hammering machines my tooling will work on. I know that one fellow who cloned the big CP planishers many years ago was copying my stuff but could not get it to work in his machines - when he finally called me I told him that planishers do not have the power to perform shaping operations.

I think I have some very good planishing tools for your .063 3003.

"The rising tide lifts all boats."

RockHillWill 06-13-2017 02:11 PM

I, for one, am most appreciative of your willingness to add water regardless of hull design.


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